![]()  | 
 | 
|---|
Topへ戻る(D)
XHTMLでも、HTML-4と同様にISO⁄IEC 10646の文字コード位置で文字を参照できます。ただし、XMLではHTML-4とは異なり16進数表現の目印となる“x”は小文字に限定され、終端の”;”(semicolon.)を省略できません。
実体参照については、XMLではamp, lt, gt, apos, quot以外の実体は予め宣言しなければならないのでが、XHTML 1.0のDTDで外部実体宣言されているので、HTML 4との互換性は保たれています。文字実体参照はHTMLと同様に大文字小文字が区別されます。
※apos(アポストロフィー)という実体は、HTML 4ではサポートされていません。数値参照の「'」「'」を使用しましょう。
注意:XHTML 1.0のDTDで外部実体宣言(W3CのLatin-1 characters(A),Symbols characters(B),Special characters(C))のダウンロードを私的に表化したものです。
| 実体参照 | 数値参照 (十進)  | 数値参照 (十六進)  | コメント | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|   |   |   |   |   |   | no-break space = non-breaking space.改行なし空白 | 
| ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | ¡ | inverted exclamation mark.反転感嘆符(虚数単位) | 
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | ¢ | cent sign.セント記号 | 
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | £ | pound sign.ポンド記号 | 
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | ¤ | currency sign.凡用通貨記号 | 
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | ¥ | yen sign = yuan sign.円記号 | 
| ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | ¦ | broken bar = broken vertical bar.縦破線 | 
| § | § | § | § | § | § | section sign.セクション記号 | 
| ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | ¨ | diaeresis = spacing diaeresis.ウムラウト,ダイエレシス | 
| © | © | © | © | © | © | copyright sign.コピーライト記号 | 
| ª | ª | ª | ª | ª | ª | feminine ordinal indicator.女性序数 | 
| « | « | « | « | « | « | left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet.左二重引用符(仏語の左向きギュメ) | 
| ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | ¬ | not sign = discretionary hyphen.ノット記号 | 
| ­ |  | ­ |  | ­ |  | soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen.ソフトハイフン(トレ・デュニオン)前後に文字が入り、行が折り返されるときだけ表示されます。例:traitd'unionのようにに表示するはずです。 | 
| ® | ® | ® | ® | ® | ® | registered sign = registered trade mark sign.登録商標 | 
| ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | ¯ | macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar.マクロン | 
| ° | ° | ° | ° | ° | ° | degree sign.度記号 | 
| ± | ± | ± | ± | ± | ± | plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign.プラスマイナス | 
| ² | ² | ² | ² | ² | ² | superscript two = superscript digit two = squared.上付き2 | 
| ³ | ³ | ³ | ³ | ³ | ³ | superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed.上付き3 | 
| ´ | ´ | ´ | ´ | ´ | ´ | acute accent = spacing acute.鋭アクセント符号(aigu.) | 
| µ | µ | µ | µ | µ | µ | micro sign.マイクロ記号 | 
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | ¶ | pilcrow sign = paragraph sign.パラグラフ記号(文章の節,段落,) | 
| · | · | · | · | · | · | middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot.中間ドット | 
| ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | ¸ | cedilla = spacing cedilla.セディラ(仏語のセディーユ) | 
| ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | ¹ | superscript one = superscript digit one.上付き1 | 
| º | º | º | º | º | º | masculine ordinal indicator.男性序数 | 
| » | » | » | » | » | » | right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet.右二重引用符(仏語の右向きギュメ) | 
| ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | ¼ | vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter.分数、4分の1 | 
| ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | ½ | vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half.分数、2分の1 | 
| ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | ¾ | vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters.分数、4分の3 | 
| ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | ¿ | inverted question mark = turned question mark.逆転疑問符 | 
| À | À | À | À | À | À | latin capital letter A with grave = latin capital letter A grave.大文字Aの低アクセント(Aのアクサン・グラーブ) | 
| Á | Á | Á | Á | Á | Á | latin capital letter A with acute.大文字Aの鋭アクセント(Aのアクサン・エギュ) | 
| Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | latin capital letter A with circumflex.大文字Aの曲折アクセント(Aのアクサン・シルコンフレックス) | 
| Ã | Ã | Ã | Ã | Ã | Ã | latin capital letter A with tilde.大文字Aの波線符号(スペイン語) | 
| Ä | Ä | Ä | Ä | Ä | Ä | latin capital letter A with diaeresis.大文字Aの分音符号(Aのトレマ) | 
| Å | Å | Å | Å | Å | Å | latin capital letter A with ring above = latin capital letter A ring.大文字Aの輪符号(Aのリング) | 
| Æ | Æ | Æ | Æ | Æ | Æ | latin capital letter AE = latin capital ligature AE.大文字AEの合字 | 
| Ç | Ç | Ç | Ç | Ç | Ç | latin capital letter C with cedilla.大文字Cのセディーユ | 
| È | È | È | È | È | È | latin capital letter E with grave. | 
| É | É | É | É | É | É | latin capital letter E with acute. | 
| Ê | Ê | Ê | Ê | Ê | Ê | latin capital letter E with circumflex. | 
| Ë | Ë | Ë | Ë | Ë | Ë | latin capital letter E with diaeresis. | 
| Ì | Ì | Ì | Ì | Ì | Ì | latin capital letter I with grave. | 
| Í | Í | Í | Í | Í | Í | latin capital letter I with acute. | 
| Î | Î | Î | Î | Î | Î | latin capital letter I with circumflex. | 
| Ï | Ï | Ï | Ï | Ï | Ï | latin capital letter I with diaeresis. | 
| Ð | Ð | Ð | Ð | Ð | Ð | latin capital letter ETH.大文字ETHの合字 | 
| Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | Ñ | latin capital letter N with tilde.大文字Nのチルダ符号 | 
| Ò | Ò | Ò | Ò | Ò | Ò | latin capital letter O with grave. | 
| Ó | Ó | Ó | Ó | Ó | Ó | latin capital letter O with acute. | 
| Ô | Ô | Ô | Ô | Ô | Ô | latin capital letter O with circumflex. | 
| Õ | Õ | Õ | Õ | Õ | Õ | latin capital letter O with tilde.大文字Oのチルダ符号 | 
| Ö | Ö | Ö | Ö | Ö | Ö | latin capital letter O with diaeresis. | 
| × | × | × | × | × | × | multiplication sign.掛け算記号 | 
| Ø | Ø | Ø | Ø | Ø | Ø | latin capital letter O with stroke = latin capital letter O slash.大文字Oのスラッシュ符号 | 
| Ù | Ù | Ù | Ù | Ù | Ù | latin capital letter U with grave. | 
| Ú | Ú | Ú | Ú | Ú | Ú | latin capital letter U with acute. | 
| Û | Û | Û | Û | Û | Û | latin capital letter U with circumflex. | 
| Ü | Ü | Ü | Ü | Ü | Ü | latin capital letter U with diaeresis. | 
| Ý | Ý | Ý | Ý | Ý | Ý | latin capital letter Y with acute | 
| Þ | Þ | Þ | Þ | Þ | Þ | latin capital letter THORN.大文字のトロン | 
| ß | ß | ß | ß | ß | ß | latin small letter sharp s = ess-zed.小文字のSZ合字 | 
| à | à | à | à | à | à | latin small letter a with grave = latin small letter a grave. | 
| á | á | á | á | á | á | latin small letter a with acute. | 
| â | â | â | â | â | â | latin small letter a with circumflex. | 
| ã | ã | ã | ã | ã | ã | latin small letter a with tilde. | 
| ä | ä | ä | ä | ä | ä | latin small letter a with diaeresis. | 
| å | å | å | å | å | å | latin small letter a with ring above = latin small letter a ring. | 
| æ | æ | æ | æ | æ | æ | latin small letter ae = latin small ligature ae.小文字AEの合字 | 
| ç | ç | ç | ç | ç | ç | latin small letter c with cedilla.小文字Cのセディーユ | 
| è | è | è | è | è | è | latin small letter e with grave. | 
| é | é | é | é | é | é | latin small letter e with acute. | 
| ê | ê | ê | ê | ê | ê | latin small letter e with circumflex. | 
| ë | ë | ë | ë | ë | ë | latin small letter e with diaeresis. | 
| ì | ì | ì | ì | ì | ì | latin small letter i with grave. | 
| í | í | í | í | í | í | latin small letter i with acute. | 
| î | î | î | î | î | î | latin small letter i with circumflex. | 
| ï | ï | ï | ï | ï | ï | latin small letter i with diaeresis. | 
| ð | ð | ð | ð | ð | ð | latin small letter eth.小文字ETHの合字 | 
| ñ | ñ | ñ | ñ | ñ | ñ | latin small letter n with tilde.小文字Nのチルダ符号 | 
| ò | ò | ò | ò | ò | ò | latin small letter o with grave. | 
| ó | ó | ó | ó | ó | ó | latin small letter o with acute. | 
| ô | ô | ô | ô | ô | ô | latin small letter o with circumflex. | 
| õ | õ | õ | õ | õ | õ | latin small letter o with tilde. | 
| ö | ö | ö | ö | ö | ö | latin small letter o with diaeresis. | 
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | ÷ | division sign.除算記号 | 
| ø | ø | ø | ø | ø | ø | latin small letter o with stroke, = latin small letter o slash. | 
| ù | ù | ù | ù | ù | ù | latin small letter u with grave. | 
| ú | ú | ú | ú | ú | ú | latin small letter u with acute. | 
| û | û | û | û | û | û | latin small letter u with circumflex. | 
| ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | ü | latin small letter u with diaeresis. | 
| ý | ý | ý | ý | ý | ý | latin small letter y with acute. | 
| þ | þ | þ | þ | þ | þ | latin small letter thorn with. | 
| ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | ÿ | latin small letter y with diaeresis. | 
| 実体参照 | 数値参照 (十進)  | 数値参照 (十六進)  | コメント | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| " | " | " | " | " | " | quotation mark = APL quote.二重引用符 | 
| & | & | & | & | & | & | ampersand.アンパサンド | 
| ' | ' | ' | ' | ' | apostrophe mark.アポストロフィー | |
| < | < | < | < | < | < | less-than sign.小なり記号 | 
| > | > | > | > | > | > | greater-than sign.大なり記号 | 
| Œ | Œ | Œ | Œ | Œ | Œ | latin capital ligature OE.大文字のOE合字(仏語のウ) | 
| œ | œ | œ | œ | œ | œ | latin small ligature oe.小文字のOE合字 | 
| Š | Š | Š | Š | Š | Š | latin capital letter S with caron.大文字のSのカロン | 
| š | š | š | š | š | š | latin small letter s with caron.小文字のSのカロン | 
| Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | Ÿ | latin capital letter Y with diaeresis. | 
| ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | latin small f with hook = function = florin.音符のフック、関数、小さなf、英国の旧2シリング銀貨 | 
| ˆ | ˆ | ˆ | ˆ | ˆ | ˆ | modifier letter circumflex accent.サーカムフレックス(曲折アクセント) | 
| ˜ | ˜ | ˜ | ˜ | ˜ | ˜ | small tilde.チルダ | 
|   |   |   | en space.enスペース | |||
|   |   |   | em space.emスペース | |||
|   |   |   | thin space.thinスペース(1/5em) | |||
| ‌ |  | ‌ |  | ‌ |  | zero width non-joiner.非結合物 | 
| ‍ |  | ‍ |  | ‍ |  | zero width joiner.結合物 | 
| ‎ |  | ‎ |  | ‎ |  | left-to-right mark.左から右への制御文字 | 
| ‏ |  | ‏ |  | ‏ |  | right-to-left mark.右から左への制御文字 | 
| – | – | – | – | – | – | en dash.enダッシュ | 
| — | — | — | — | — | — | em dash.emダッシュ | 
| ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | ‘ | left single quotation mark.左シングル・クォーテーション | 
| ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | ’ | right single quotation mark.右シングル・クォーテーション | 
| ‚ | ‚ | ‚ | ‚ | ‚ | ‚ | single low-9 quotation mark.下付シングル・クォーテーション | 
| “ | “ | “ | “ | “ | “ | left double quotation mark.左ダブル・クォーテーション | 
| ” | ” | ” | ” | ” | ” | right double quotation mark.右ダブル・クォーテーション | 
| „ | „ | „ | „ | „ | „ | double low-9 quotation mark.下付ダブル・クォーテーション | 
| † | † | † | † | † | † | dagger.ダガー(短剣; 剣じるし) | 
| ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | ‡ | double dagger.ダブルダガー | 
| • | • | • | • | • | • | bullet = black small circle.黒い小円形(小丸) | 
| … | … | … | … | … | … | horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader.3点リーダー(水平の省略) | 
| ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | ‰ | per mille sign.パーミル | 
| ‹ | ‹ | ‹ | ‹ | ‹ | ‹ | single left-pointing angle quotation mark.左アングル引用符 | 
| › | › | › | › | › | › | single right-pointing angle quotation mark.右アングル引用符 | 
| € | € | € | € | € | € | euro sign.ユーロ記号 | 
| 実体参照 | 数値参照 (十進)  | 数値参照 (十六進)  | コメント | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | ƒ | latin small f with hook = function = florin. | 
| Α | Α | Α | Α | Α | Α | greek capital letter alpha. | 
| Β | Β | Β | Β | Β | Β | greek capital letter beta. | 
| Γ | Γ | Γ | Γ | Γ | Γ | greek capital letter gamma. | 
| Δ | Δ | Δ | Δ | Δ | Δ | greek capital letter delta. | 
| Ε | Ε | Ε | Ε | Ε | Ε | greek capital letter epsilon. | 
| Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | Ζ | greek capital letter zeta. | 
| Η | Η | Η | Η | Η | Η | greek capital letter eta. | 
| Θ | Θ | Θ | Θ | Θ | Θ | greek capital letter theta. | 
| Ι | Ι | Ι | Ι | Ι | Ι | greek capital letter iota. | 
| Κ | Κ | Κ | Κ | Κ | Κ | greek capital letter kappa. | 
| Λ | Λ | Λ | Λ | Λ | Λ | greek capital letter lambda. | 
| Μ | Μ | Μ | Μ | Μ | Μ | greek capital letter mu. | 
| Ν | Ν | Ν | Ν | Ν | Ν | greek capital letter nu. | 
| Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | Ξ | greek capital letter xi. | 
| Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | Ο | greek capital letter omicron. | 
| Π | Π | Π | Π | Π | Π | greek capital letter pi. | 
| Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | Ρ | greek capital letter rho. | 
| Σ | Σ | Σ | Σ | Σ | Σ | greek capital letter sigma. | 
| Τ | Τ | Τ | Τ | Τ | Τ | greek capital letter tau. | 
| Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | Υ | greek capital letter upsilon. | 
| Φ | Φ | Φ | Φ | Φ | Φ | greek capital letter phi. | 
| Χ | Χ | Χ | Χ | Χ | Χ | greek capital letter chi. | 
| Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | Ψ | greek capital letter psi. | 
| Ω | Ω | Ω | Ω | Ω | Ω | greek capital letter omega. | 
| α | α | α | α | α | α | greek small letter alpha. | 
| β | β | β | β | β | β | greek small letter beta. | 
| γ | γ | γ | γ | γ | γ | greek small letter gamma. | 
| δ | δ | δ | δ | δ | δ | greek small letter delta. | 
| ε | ε | ε | ε | ε | ε | greek small letter epsilon. | 
| ζ | ζ | ζ | ζ | ζ | ζ | greek small letter zeta. | 
| η | η | η | η | η | η | greek small letter eta. | 
| θ | θ | θ | θ | θ | θ | greek small letter theta. | 
| ι | ι | ι | ι | ι | ι | greek small letter iota. | 
| κ | κ | κ | κ | κ | κ | greek small letter kappa. | 
| λ | λ | λ | λ | λ | λ | greek small letter lambda. | 
| μ | μ | μ | μ | μ | μ | greek small letter mu. | 
| ν | ν | ν | ν | ν | ν | greek small letter nu. | 
| ξ | ξ | ξ | ξ | ξ | ξ | greek small letter xi. | 
| ο | ο | ο | ο | ο | ο | greek small letter omicron. | 
| π | π | π | π | π | π | greek small letter pi. | 
| ρ | ρ | ρ | ρ | ρ | ρ | greek small letter rho | 
| ς | ς | ς | ς | ς | ς | greek small letter final sigma. | 
| σ | σ | σ | σ | σ | σ | greek small letter sigma. | 
| τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | τ | greek small letter tau. | 
| υ | υ | υ | υ | υ | υ | greek small letter upsilon. | 
| φ | φ | φ | φ | φ | φ | greek small letter phi. | 
| χ | χ | χ | χ | χ | χ | greek small letter chi. | 
| ψ | ψ | ψ | ψ | ψ | ψ | greek small letter psi. | 
| ω | ω | ω | ω | ω | ω | greek small letter omega. | 
| ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | ϑ | greek small letter theta symbol. | 
| ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | ϒ | greek upsilon with hook symbol. | 
| ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | ϖ | greek pi symbol. | 
| • | • | • | • | • | • | bullet = black small circle. | 
| … | … | … | … | … | … | horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader. | 
| ′ | ′ | ′ | ′ | ′ | ′ | prime = minutes = feet. | 
| ″ | ″ | ″ | ″ | ″ | ″ | double prime = seconds = inches. | 
| ‾ | ‾ | ‾ | ‾ | ‾ | ‾ | overline = spacing overscore.(論理否定記号) | 
| ⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | ⁄ | fraction slash. | 
| € | € | € | € | € | € | euro sign. | 
| ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | ℑ | blackletter capital I = imaginary part. | 
| ℘ | ℘ | ℘ | ℘ | ℘ | ℘ | script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p. | 
| ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | ℜ | blackletter capital R = real part symbol. | 
| ™ | ™ | ™ | ™ | ™ | ™ | trade mark sign. | 
| ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | ℵ | alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal. | 
| ← | ← | ← | ← | ← | ← | leftwards arrow. | 
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | upwards arrow. | 
| → | → | → | → | → | → | rightwards arrow. | 
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | downwards arrow. | 
| ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | ↔ | left right arrow. | 
| ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | ↵ | downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return. | 
| ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ | leftwards double arrow. | 
| ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ | upwards double arrow. | 
| ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ | rightwards double arrow. | 
| ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ | downwards double arrow. | 
| ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | ⇔ | left right double arrow. | 
| ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | ∀ | for all. | 
| ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | ∂ | partial differential. | 
| ∃ | ∃ | ∃ | ∃ | ∃ | ∃ | there exists. | 
| ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | ∅ | empty set = null set = diameter. | 
| ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | ∇ | nabla = backward difference. | 
| ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | ∈ | element of. | 
| ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | ∉ | not an element of. | 
| ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | ∋ | contains as member. | 
| ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | ∏ | n-ary product = product sign. | 
| ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | ∑ | n-ary sumation. | 
| − | − | − | − | − | − | minus sign. | 
| ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | ∗ | asterisk operator. | 
| √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | square root = radical sign. | 
| ∝ | ∝ | ∝ | ∝ | ∝ | ∝ | proportional to. | 
| ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | ∞ | infinity. | 
| ∠ | ∠ | ∠ | ∠ | ∠ | ∠ | angle. | 
| ∧ | ∧ | ∧ | ∧ | ∧ | ∧ | logical and = wedge. | 
| ∨ | ∨ | ∨ | ∨ | ∨ | ∨ | logical or = vee. | 
| ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | ∩ | intersection = cap. | 
| ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | ∪ | union = cup. | 
| ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | ∫ | integral. | 
| ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | ∴ | therefore. | 
| ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | ∼ | tilde operator = varies with = similar to. | 
| ≅ | ≅ | ≅ | ≅ | ≅ | ≅ | approximately equal to. | 
| ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | ≈ | almost equal to = asymptotic to. | 
| ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | ≠ | not equal to. | 
| ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | ≡ | identical to. | 
| ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | ≤ | less-than or equal to. | 
| ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | ≥ | greater-than or equal to. | 
| ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | ⊂ | subset of. | 
| ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | ⊃ | superset of. | 
| ⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | ⊄ | not a subset of. | 
| ⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | ⊆ | subset of or equal to. | 
| ⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | ⊇ | superset of or equal to. | 
| ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | ⊕ | circled plus = direct sum. | 
| ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | ⊗ | circled times = vector product. | 
| ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | ⊥ | up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular. | 
| ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | ⋅ | dot operator. | 
| ⌈ | ⌈ | ⌈ | ⌈ | ⌈ | ⌈ | left ceiling = apl upstile. | 
| ⌉ | ⌉ | ⌉ | ⌉ | ⌉ | ⌉ | right ceiling. | 
| ⌊ | ⌊ | ⌊ | ⌊ | ⌊ | ⌊ | left floor = apl downstile. | 
| ⌋ | ⌋ | ⌋ | ⌋ | ⌋ | ⌋ | right floor. | 
| ⟨ | 〈 | 〈 | 〈 | 〈 | 〈 | left-pointing angle bracket = bra. | 
| ⟩ | 〉 | 〉 | 〉 | 〉 | 〉 | right-pointing angle bracket = ket. | 
| ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | ◊ | lozenge. | 
| ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | ♠ | black spade suit. | 
| ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | ♣ | black club suit = shamrock. | 
| ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | ♥ | black heart suit = valentine. | 
| ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | ♦ | black diamond suit. |